The Castle of Neratzia

The Castle of Neratzia is one of the most iconic historical landmarks on the island of Kos, Greece. Located at the entrance of Kos Town’s harbor, this imposing fortress dates back to the 14th and 15th centuries and was built by the Knights of St. John, a medieval Christian military order, as a strategic defense point against Ottoman invasions.

History and Architecture

The castle consists of two main walls, an inner and an outer section. The inner castle was built first, around 1380, followed by the outer wall, which was constructed in the early 16th century. The two fortifications are connected by a drawbridge that crosses a now-dry moat. This moat once separated the castle from the rest of Kos, effectively making the fortress an island in itself.

The stones used to construct the castle were often taken from ancient ruins around Kos, including pieces from the Asklepion and other ancient sites. This gives the structure a unique appearance, blending different architectural and historical elements. You can see ancient Greek inscriptions and carved stones embedded into its walls.

The Role of the Knights of St. John

During the medieval period, Kos was an important stronghold for the Knights of St. John, who controlled much of the Dodecanese islands. The Castle of Neratzia played a critical role in protecting Kos and the surrounding waters from pirate raids and Turkish advances. It was part of a network of fortifications built by the Knights across the region, including the larger fortifications on the nearby island of Rhodes.

Visiting the Castle

Today, the Castle of Neratzia stands as a reminder of Kos’s turbulent medieval history and is a popular tourist attraction. Visitors can explore its massive stone walls, towers, and gates. Inside, you’ll find stunning views of the Aegean Sea and the coastline of Turkey. The castle’s elevated vantage points give visitors a panoramic view of Kos Town and the surrounding harbor.

The structure has a quiet, ancient atmosphere, making it an ideal place to wander, take photographs, and imagine the bustling life of medieval Kos. Informational displays are set up throughout the site, providing historical context for the castle’s construction and its importance in the region.

Interesting Facts

• Neratzia translates to “bitter orange,” a reference to the orange trees that once grew around the castle.
• The castle’s defenses were put to the test multiple times, including during the Ottoman siege in the early 16th century.
• While the castle suffered damage from earthquakes over the centuries, particularly in 1933, it remains a well-preserved example of medieval military architecture.

Getting There

The Castle of Neratzia is conveniently located at the harbor of Kos Town, making it easily accessible on foot from most parts of the town. It is often visited as part of a walking tour of Kos Town, which includes other nearby attractions such as the Tree of Hippocrates and the Ancient Agora.

Whether you’re a history enthusiast or simply looking to enjoy stunning views and medieval architecture, the Castle of Neratzia is a must-see destination in Kos.